\documentclass[twoside,11pt]{article}

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% Note that jmlr2e.sty includes epsfig, amssymb, natbib and graphicx,
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% natbib citation styles, see the natbib documentation, a copy of which
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\usepackage{jmlr2e}

% Definitions of handy macros can go here

\newcommand{\dataset}{{\cal D}}
\newcommand{\fracpartial}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial  #2}}

% Heading arguments are {volume}{year}{pages}{submitted}{published}{full author names}

\jmlrheading{1}{2000}{1-48}{4/00}{10/00}{Leslie Pack Kaelbling and David Cohn}

% Short heading should be running head and author last names

\ShortHeadings{Instructions for Formatting JMLR Articles}{Kaelbling and Cohn}
\firstpageno{1}

\begin{document}

\title{Instructions for Formatting JMLR Articles}

\author{\name Leslie Pack Kaelbling \email lpk@ai.mit.edu\\
       \addr Artificial Intelligence Laboratory\\
       Massachusetts Institute of Technology\\
       545 Technology Square\\
       Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
       \AND
       \name David Cohn \email david.cohn@burning-glass.com\\
       \addr Burning Glass Technologies\\
       201 S.~Craig Street, 2 West\\
       Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA}

\editor{Leslie Pack Kaelbling}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}%   <- trailing '%' for backward compatibility of .sty file
This document, which is based on an earlier document by
\citet{Minton99}, describes the required formatting of JMLR papers,
including margins, fonts, citation styles, and figure placement. It
describes how authors can obtain and use a {\LaTeX} style file that
will ease adherence to the requirements.  It also contains a section
on avoiding formatting errors that frequently appear in JMLR
submissions. While the format requirements are only compulsory for
final submissions, we encourage authors to adopt and adhere to its
recommendations throughout the submission process.
\end{abstract}

\begin{keywords}
  formatting instructions, LaTeX, citations
\end{keywords}

\section{Introduction}

To ensure that all articles published in the journal have a uniform
appearance, authors must produce a PostScript or PDF document that
meets the formatting specifications outlined here. The document will
be used for both the hardcopy and electronic versions of the journal.

This document briefly describes and illustrates the JMLR format. It
draws {\em very} heavily from an earlier document by \citet{Minton99}.
Your article should look as similar as possible to this document, or
to the JMLR sample article which can be found at {\tt
http://www.jmlr.org/format/sample.ps}.  Below we outline the basic
specifications, including font sizes, margins, etc.  However, the
point is to have your articles look similar to the sample, and when in
doubt you should use the sample as your guide. Please feel free to
contact the editor of JMLR if you have any questions.

The remainder of this document is organized as
follows. Section~\ref{style-section} describes the style and
formatting requirements for JMLR
papers. Section~\ref{template-section} describes how to obtain the
formatting templates that should simplify following the requirements,
and Section~\ref{errors-section} describes common formatting errors
that should be avoided.

\section{Style and Format}
\label{style-section}

Papers must be printed in the single column format as shown in the
enclosed sample.  Margins should be 1 1/4 inch left and right.  Headers
should be 1/2 inch from top and footer should be 1 inch from bottom
of page.  Title should start 1 1/2 inches from the top of the page.

\subsection{Fonts}

You should use Times Roman style fonts. Please be very careful not to
use nonstandard or unusual fonts in the paper. Including such fonts will
cause problems for many printers.

Headers and Footers should be in 9pt type.  The title of the paper
should be in 14pt bold type.  The abstract title should be in 11pt
bold type, and the abstract itself should be in 10pt type.  First
headings should be in 12 point bold type and second headings should be
in 11 point bold type.  The text and body of the paper should be in 11
point type.

\subsection{Title and Authors}

The title appears near the top of the first page, centered.  Authors'
names should appear in designated areas below the title of the paper
in twelve point bold type. Authors' affiliations and complete
addresses should be in italics, and their electronic addresses should
be in small capitals (see sample article).

\subsection{Abstract}

The abstract appears at the beginning of the paper, indented 1/4 of an
inch from the left and right margins.  The title ``Abstract''
should appear in bold face 11 point type, centered above the body of
the abstract.  The abstract body should be in 10 point type.

\subsection{Headings and Sections}

When necessary, headings should be used to separate major sections of
your paper.  First-level headings should be in 12 point bold type and
second-level headings should be in 11 point bold type.  Do not skip a
line between paragraphs.  Third-level headings should also be in 11
point bold type.  All headings should be capitalized.  After a
heading, the first sentence should {\em not} be indented.

References to sections (as well as figures, tables, theorems and so
on), should be capitalized, as in ``In Section 4, we show that...''.

\subsubsection{Appendices}

Appendices, if included, follow the acknowledgments.  Each appendix
should be lettered, e.g., ``Appendix A''.  If online appendices are
submitted, they should not be included in the final manuscript
(see below), although they may be referred to in the manuscript.  They
will be published online in separate files.  The online appendices
should be numbered and referred to as Online Appendix 1, Online
Appendix 2, etc.

\subsubsection{Acknowledgements}

The acknowledgments section, if included, appears after the main body
of the text and is headed ``Acknowledgments.''  The section should not
be numbered.  This section includes acknowledgments of help from
associates and colleagues, financial support, and permission to
publish.

\subsection{Figures and Tables}

Figures and tables should be inserted in proper places throughout the
text.  Do not group them together at the beginning of a page, nor at
the bottom of the paper.  Number figures sequentially, e.g.,
Figure 1, and so on.

The figure or table number and the caption should appear under the
illustration.  Leave a margin of one-quarter inch around the area
covered by the figure and caption.  Captions, labels, and other text
in illustrations must be at least nine-point type.

At present, some types of illustrations in your manuscript may cause
problems for some printers/previewers. Although this is gradually
becoming less of an issue, we encourage authors to use ``reliable''
programs for producing figures. Before your paper can be accepted, we
must verify that all your figures print successfully on our printers
and may be viewed with Adobe Acrobat Reader or Ghostview.

\subsection{Headers and Footers}

The first page of your article should include the journal name, volume
number, year and page numbers in the upper left corner, the
submission date and publication date in the upper right corner, and
the copyright notice in the lower left corner.  The editor will
let you know the volume number, year, pages, submission date and publication
date. 
  
On the even numbered pages, the header of the page should be the authors'
names. On the odd pages, starting with page 3, the header should be
the title of the paper (shortened if necessary, as in the sample).

\subsubsection{Page Numbering and Publication Date}

Upon completion of your article and final approval of the editor, you
will be assigned a page number that should be the first page of your
article.  You should number the remainder of your article
accordingly. Page numbers should appear at the bottom of the page in
the center.  You will also be assigned a volume number and publication
date that you will use in the header.

\subsubsection{Footnotes} 

We encourage authors to use footnotes sparingly, especially since they
may be difficult to read online.  Footnotes should be numbered
sequentially and should appear at the bottom of the page, as shown
below.\footnote{A footnote should appear like this. Please ensure that
your footnotes are complete, fully punctuated sentences.}


\subsection{References}
\label{reference-section}
The reference section should be labeled ``References'' and should
appear at the end of the paper in {\tt natbib} format.  A sample list
of references is given in Appendix A.  Poorly prepared, incomplete or
sloppy references reflect badly on the quality of your scholarship.
Please prepare complete and accurate citations.

Citations within the text should include the author's last name and
year, for example (Cheeseman, 1992).  Append lower-case letters to the
year in cases of ambiguity, as in (Cheeseman, 1993a).  Multiple
authors should be treated as follows: (Cheeseman \& Englemore 1988) or
(Englemore, Cheeseman \& Buchanan, 1992).  In the case of three or
more authors, the citation can be shortened by referring only the
first author, followed by ``{\em et al.}'', as in (Clancey et
al., 1991).  Multiple citations should be separated by a semi-colon,
as in (Cheeseman, 1993a; Buntine, 1992). If two works have the same
author or authors, the appropriate format is as follows: (Drummond
1990, 1991).

If the authors' names are mentioned in the text, the citation need
only refer to the year, as in ``Cheeseman and Englemore (1988) showed
that...''. 

In general, you shouldn't have parenthetical statements embedded in
parenthetical statements. Therefore, citations within parenthetical
statements should not be embedded in parentheses. Use commas as
separators instead. For instance, rather than ``(as shown by Bresina
(1992))'' you should write ``(as shown by Bresina, 1992)''. Similarly,
``(e.g., (Bresina, 1992))'' should be ``(e.g., Bresina, 1992).  Note
that the {\tt natbib} style file supports the inclusion of prefixes in
citations.

\section{Formatting Templates}
\label{template-section}

To ready your work for publication, please typeset it using software
such {\LaTeX} that produces PostScript or PDF output ({\LaTeX} is
preferred.)  A {\LaTeX} style file is available at {\tt
http://www.jmlr.org/format/jmlr2e.sty} or from the editor. We hope to
eventually have macros/samples for other document preparation systems
as well. We recommend working from the {\LaTeX} source of the
sample article (at {\tt http://www.jmlr.org/format/sample.tex}), which
has been annotated to simplify use of the macros in the style file. If you
must use a document preparation system other than {\LaTeX}, please
discuss this with the editor prior to submitting your final document.
If you do not have the software necessary to produce acceptable
PostScript or PDF files, the editor will recommend a professional
service for formatting your article. (Authors will be responsible for
paying for this service).

\subsection{Using {\tt jmlr2e.sty} }

The {\LaTeX} source for the sample paper, at {\tt
http://www.jmlr.org/format/sample.tex}, details the use of most of the
macros in {\tt jmlr2e}; we describe a few of the macros here for
illustration.

The paper should begin with a specification of the document class and
JMLR style file:\\
\\
\verb+\documentclass[twoside,11pt]{article}+\\
\verb+\usepackage{jmlr2e}+\\
\vskip 0.05in
\noindent

The following command can be used in the LaTex version of your
paper to set the first page header:\\
\\
\verb+\jmlrheading{1}{2000}{1-48}{4/00}{10/00}{author list}+ {\it \# dates/pages from editor}

\vskip 0.05in
\noindent
To set your title and authors for headings:\\
\verb+\ShortHeadings{short title}{short authors}+

\vskip 0.05in
\noindent
For example:\\
\verb+\ShortHeadings{Minimizing Conflicts}{Minton et al.}+\\

\vskip 0.05in
\noindent
To set your page numbers:\\
\verb+\firstpageno{?}+ {\it the pagenumber you are assigned to start with by the editor.}\\

\vskip 0.05in
\noindent
Authors are specified with the ``author'' macro:\\
\verb+\author{\name Author One \email author-one-email\\+\\
\verb+       \addr Author One address line one\\+\\
\verb+             Author One address line two\\+\\
\verb+             Author One address line three...+\\
\verb+       \AND+\\
\verb+       \name Author Two \email author-two-email\\+\\
\verb+       \addr Author Two address line one\\+\\
\verb+             Author Two address line two\\+\\
\verb+             Author Two address line three...}+\\

\vskip 0.05in
\noindent
If multiple authors share an affiliation, it may be appended to the group by specifying:\\
\verb+\author{\name Author One \email author-one-email\\+\\
\verb+        \name Author Two \email author-two-email\\+\\
\verb+        \addr Authors' address line one\\+\\
\verb+              Authors' address line two\\+\\
\verb+              Authors' address line three...}+

\subsection{Citations using {\tt natbib} }
The recommended citation style file, {\tt natbib}, is included in {\tt
jmlr2e.sty}. It supports the citation styles described in
Section~\ref{reference-section} with macros such as \verb+\citep{}+
and \verb+\citet{}+. The basic uses of \verb+\citep{}+
and \verb+\citet{}+ are as follows:

\begin{tabular}{lll}
\verb+\citet{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & Jones et al. (1990)\\
\verb+\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & Jones et al. (1990, chap. 2)\\
\verb+\citep{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & (Jones et al., 1990)\\
\verb+\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)\\
\verb+\citep[see][]{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & (see Jones et al., 1990)\\
\verb+\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & (see Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)\\
\verb+\citet*{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & Jones, Baker, and Williams (1990)\\
\verb+\citep*{jon90}+ & $\rightarrow$ & (Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990)\\
\end{tabular}

For details on making citations with natbib macros, see the natbib
documentation \citep{Daly97}, a copy of which is available at {\tt
http://www.jmlr.org/format/natbib.pdf}.


\section{Avoiding Common Errors}
\label{errors-section}

As we do the final editing passes on JMLR papers, we find a fairly
consistent set of problems repeated over and over.  Here's a list of
them.  JMLR won't enforce conformity with these rules, but it would
certainly please the editors if you followed them.

\paragraph{Dashes}
Dashes should be used---with care---to set off interjections in a
sentence.  They should be long and there should not be spaces between
them and the preceding and following words.  Thus, in LaTeX, the input
should look like this:
\begin{verbatim}
    Dashes should be used---with care---to set off ...
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph{Lower case names}
The names of fields, algorithms, methods, etc., should be in lower
case: cognitive science, reinforcement learning, principal components
analysis.  Exceptions are when they are in names of organizational
entities, like Cognitive Science Department, or when they include
proper names, such as Markov decision processes or Gaussian densities,
or Bayes' rule.

\paragraph{Latin abbrevs.}
Scientists seem to like to use the Latin abbreviations {\em i.e.} and
{\em e.g.}  First, I'd like to encourage you to try 
to do without them.  If you can't, then use the English equivalents (``that
is'' instead of {\em i.e.} and ``for example'' instead of {\em e.g.})
If you really love the Latin (then you're a Latin lover?) you
should at least do it right.  There should be a period after each
letter (because they're abbreviations), and there should be a comma
after the expression.  If you're addicted to these things, I encourage
you to define and use LaTeX macros like
\begin{verbatim}
    \newcommand{\ie}{i.e.}
\end{verbatim}

\paragraph{Equation numbers}
Only number equations that are actually referred to later in the text.

\paragraph{Citations}
Citations are not nouns.  It is not correct to say ``Using the method
of (Smith, 1999), we ...''  Instead, say ``Using the method of Smith
(1999), we ...''  or ``Using the method of partial discombobulation
(Smith, 1999), we ....''. See the section on references
(Section~\ref{reference-section}) for more details on correct and
incorrect citation forms.

\paragraph{Punctuate math}
Sentences with mathematical statements in them are still sentences,
subject to the usual rules of grammar and punctuation.  As
\cite{Knuth89} say,\footnote{I recommend this book highly to anyone who
likes to think about technical writing.  While we're on the subject, I
also highly recommend the (sadly, out of print) {\em Handbook for
Scholars} by Mary-Claire van Leunen~\citep{VanLeunen92}.} you should
test this by reading out your paper with things like ``snort'' and
``grunt'' substituted in for the mathematics and listening to see
whether it's grammatically correct.

It often improves readability if the punctuation in displayed
equations is moved out to the right a bit.  In LaTeX, you can write
\begin{verbatim}
    \[a = b\;\;.\]
\end{verbatim}
to get a reasonable amount of space between the equation and the
period. 

Never put a footnote directly after a mathematical expression;  it is
too easily confused with an exponent.

\paragraph{Hyphenating compound nouns}
When you have a long string of nouns together, they often need
hyphenation to make the meaning clear (and to make your editor
happy).  Here are some examples of correct expressions:
\begin{itemize}
\item reinforcement learning
\item reinforcement-learning algorithm
\item delayed-reinforcement learning (learning from delayed
reinforcement)
\item delayed reinforcement learning (reinforcement learning that is
delayed) 
\end{itemize}
What are the rules?  Here's a simple view:  by default, modifiers
bind to the phrase to their right.  If you want to override that, then
you need to use a hyphen.  Consider the string of words ``country
chicken pump dispenser'' (seen in an actual catalog).
A ``pump dispenser'' is either something that dispenses pumps or that
dispenses by pumping.  A ``chicken pump dispenser'' is, perhaps, a
pump dispenser in the shape of a chicken.  But a ``chicken-pump
dispenser'' is something that dispenses chicken pumps.  The object in
the catalog was a soap dispenser in the shape of a country chicken (as
opposed to a city chicken, I guess) with a pump.  So, probably, it
should have been a ``country-chicken pump dispenser'', since ``pump''
modifies ``dispenser,'' ``country'' modifies ``chicken,'' and the
phrase ``country chicken'' modifies ``pump dispenser.''  Whew.  Many
people think it's bad form to use such long strings of nouns anyway.

\paragraph{Don't use ``utilize.''}

\paragraph{Don't start a section with a subsection} 
A section heading should never immediately follow another section heading without intervening text. So don't do this:

\noindent
\verb+     5. Experimental Results+\\
\\
\verb+     5.1 Results on a Simulated Domain+\\

Instead, do this:

\noindent
\verb+     5. Experimental Results+\\
\\
\verb+     In this section, we first describe blah, blah, blah...+\\
\\
\verb+     5.1 Results on a Simulated Domain+\\

\appendix
\section*{Appendix A: Natbib Reference Examples}

The following formatting examples are intended to be illustrative, not
exhaustive. If you are uncertain about the proper format for a
reference, please contact the JMLR editors.

\begin{description}
\item[Book]  \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Richard Bellman.
\newblock {\em Dynamic Programming}.
\newblock Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1957.

\item[Edited Book] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Robert~R. Bush and William~K. Estes, editors.
\newblock {\em Studies in Mathematical Learning Theory}.
\newblock Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1959.

\item[Journal Article] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Dana Angluin and Philip Laird.
\newblock Learning from noisy examples.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 2\penalty0 (4):\penalty0 343--370, 1988.

\item[Proceedings Paper] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Charles~W. Anderson.
\newblock Strategy learning with multilayer connectionist representations.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Machine
  Learning}, pages 103--114, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1987.

\item[Technical Report] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Andrew~G. Barto.
\newblock Connectionist learning for control.
\newblock Technical Report 89-89, Department of Computer and Information
  Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 1989.

\item[Dissertation or Thesis] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Michael~L. Littman.
\newblock {\em Algorithms for Sequential Decision Making}.
\newblock PhD thesis, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 1996.

\item[Forthcoming Publication] \verb+ +\\
\verb+ +\hspace{-0.25in}
Stephen~H. Muggleton.
\newblock Statistical aspects of logic-based machine learning.
\newblock {\em ACM Transactions on Computational Logic}, forthcoming.
\end{description}

\bibliography{format}

\end{document}
